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• Net Hours With Two Unpaid Breaks in One Shift

  A line cook works 8:00 to 17:00 with two unpaid breaks. Here is the exact arithmetic that turns nine clock hours into the number you pay or report.

• Gross Hours vs Net Hours: Where Each Belongs

  A cook clocks in at 4:00 and out at 9:30. Is that 5.5 hours or 5.0? The answer depends on whether you mean gross or net hours, and payroll cares which one you send.

• How an Unpaid Lunch Changes a Day's Paid Hours

  Subtracting an unpaid lunch sounds simple until you count the real minutes. Here is how to do it right, why a 30 minute break rarely costs exactly 30, and how to keep the math consistent.